Steelman · slot B
The long-cycle case
An industrial-policy advocate would argue —Factories are not Amazon orders. A semiconductor fab takes four to five years from groundbreaking to first wafer; a steel mill or auto plant is a similar horizon. So when critics point to a 1.5 percent capacity bump after one year of Liberation Day tariffs and declare the policy a failure, they're grading a tree by what it looks like the spring after planting. The actual leading indicator — capital commitment — has tripled since 2020. Apple, U.S. Steel, and others are putting real money down. Kearney itself attributes the lag to construction timelines and workforce pipelines, not to a verdict that reshoring isn't happening. Judge the policy in 2029, when the concrete has cured.