Steelman · slot B
When safeguards aren't enough
A non-proliferation hawk would argue —The uncomfortable truth the Review Conference must confront is that the NPT's verification machinery was not built to stop a determined threshold state. Iran spent two decades enriching uranium past any plausible civilian need, stonewalling inspectors on undeclared sites, and building hardened facilities like Natanz precisely to render diplomacy moot. Every off-ramp — the JCPOA, the E3 channel, IAEA Board resolutions — was tried and outlasted. Military action is not a repudiation of non-proliferation; it is what happens when the treaty's tools are exhausted against a government that treats them as cover. If the NPT is to mean anything in its next review cycle, it needs real enforcement teeth, not a louder lament that someone finally used force when the regime would not.